It also highlights the latest development, challenges for integrating single cell oil accumulation and extraction methods like, biomass pretreatment, solvent based cell lysis and solvent free green technologies for fuel conversion. Further, it focuses on genome editing techniques viz., Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats, RNA Interference, Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases, Mutation and chemical inhibitor to enhance triacylglycerol content together with cultivation and biomass harvesting for fuel precursor extraction. The current review describes the triacylglycerol, phospholipid, fatty acid, starch biosynthetic pathway and target gene for metabolic engineering. Microalgae are promising feedstocks for carbon-neutral biofuels and their commercialization depends on strain improvement by targeted inhibition of desired gene to increase. However, integration of lipid accumulation and recovery needs to be optimized for economical production of biofuel. Microalgae based biofuel has been extensively researched with huge investment over more than a past decade.
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